Web Servers

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Category: Web Servers

In Nginx, rewrite rules are used to modify or redirect URLs, allowing you to control how incoming requests are processed and handled.

nginx re-write rules 

 

 

Location Block:

Rewrite rules are typically added within a specific location block in the Nginx configuration file (nginx.conf) or in a separate configuration file in the /etc/nginx/conf.d/ directory. The location block determines the context in which the rewrite rule will be applied.

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;

    location / {
        # Rewrite rule goes here
    }
}

In this example, the rewrite rule will be applied to all requests under the / location.

 


Basic Rewrite Rule Syntax:

The basic syntax for a rewrite rule in Nginx is as follows:

rewrite regex replacement [flag];

regex: A regular expression that matches the part of the URL you want to rewrite.
replacement: The replacement string that will replace the matched part of the URL.
flag (optional): Specifies additional rewrite flags for controlling the rewrite behavior.

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Category: Web Servers

To configure Nginx as a load balancer, you need to set up multiple backend servers and define the load balancing algorithm.

nginx load balancer

 

Install Nginx:

Begin by installing Nginx on your server. The installation process depends on the operating system you're using. For example, on Ubuntu, you can run the following command:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nginx

 

 

Configure Backend Servers:
Define the backend servers that will receive the incoming traffic. These servers can be separate physical machines or virtual machines. Modify the Nginx configuration file (nginx.conf) or create a new configuration file in the /etc/nginx/conf.d/ directory.

upstream backend {
    server backend1.example.com;
    server backend2.example.com;
    server backend3.example.com;
}

Replace backend1.example.com, backend2.example.com, etc., with the actual IP addresses or domain names of your backend servers. You can have as many backend servers as needed.

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Category: Web Servers

Micro-caching is a technique used in Nginx web server to cache dynamic content for a very short period, typically in the order of milliseconds. It helps improve the performance and scalability of dynamic websites by reducing the load on the backend servers.

nginx micro caching

Caching Configuration:

To enable micro-caching in Nginx, you need to configure the caching directives in the Nginx server block. This includes specifying the cache zone and defining the cache duration.

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Category: Web Servers

For high traffic and high load PHP websites, Nginx is often recommended due to its efficient event-driven architecture and ability to handle concurrent connections effectively.

worker_processes auto;

events {
    worker_connections 4096;
    multi_accept on;
    use epoll;
}

http {
    include mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;

    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush on;
    tcp_nodelay on;

    keepalive_timeout 65;
    client_max_body_size 20m;

    gzip on;
    gzip_comp_level 5;
    gzip_min_length 256;
    gzip_types text/plain text/css application/javascript application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;

    fastcgi_buffer_size 128k;
    fastcgi_buffers 256 4k;
    fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k;
    fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;

    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name example.com;

        root /path/to/website;

        location / {
            try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
        }

        location ~ \.php$ {
            fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
            fastcgi_index index.php;
            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
            include fastcgi_params;
        }

        location ~ /\.ht {
            deny all;
        }
    }
}